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蒂帕嬷《佛陀的女儿》南传佛教大修行人的传奇心灵

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发表于 2009-1-14 17:48:06 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  蒂帕嬷(Dipa Ma, 1911-1989)是当代上座部佛教传统中有大成就的一位女性禅修大师, 她对于现代印度内观禅修界, 和西方南传佛教界影响深远。印度现代第一个内观禅修中心的创始人, 尊敬的拉斯特帕拉长老(Venerable Rastrapala Mahathera )是她的学生, 当今美国的佛教禅修导师杰克.康费尔德(Jack Kornfield), 莎伦.萨尔斯堡(Sharon Salzberg), 约瑟夫. 葛斯坦(Joseph Goldstein)也都是她的弟子。 这位女性已亲证每一个禅那境界, 获得内在的自由与宁静。
  蒂帕嬷原名为那妮.巴拉.巴如阿(Nani Bala Barua), 出生于印度孟加拉邦东部靠近缅甸的一个村子里。她所在的种姓世世代代为佛教徒, 当地佛教社团可能是现存唯一的, 毫不间断可以上溯到佛陀时代的原始佛教徒群体。那妮身为长女, 下有五个弟妹, 从小喜欢去寺院作供养, 有旺盛的求知欲, 爱好独自思考。 在她十二岁, 小学五年级那年, 根据印度习俗, 由父母作主, 被嫁到邻村做了拉加尼.巴如阿(Rajani Barua)的童养妻, 他二十五岁, 在缅甸做工程师。 那妮与婆婆同住两年之后, 来到仰光与拉加尼团圆。丈夫待她极好, 那妮把他视为自己的第一位老师。 尽管那妮多年不孕, 拉加尼并不生气, 甚至反对母亲要他别娶的建议。他还安慰拉妮, 把她天下孩子当作自己的孩子。尽管那妮多次要求拉加尼允许自己学习禅修, 丈夫总说, 按照传统, 等到年老了, 完成了在家人的职责之后再修, 当时那妮母亲去世, 留下18个月的幼弟, 被那妮收养。小弟成年后, 正值二战结束, 三十五岁的那妮却怀孕生女,三个月后不幸夭折。 四年之后那妮生了女儿蒂帕, 意思为”光”,从此人们称她为蒂帕嬷, 意即”蒂帕之母”。那妮的第三个孩子是个男婴, 死于生产。 那妮因为悲痛, 又身患高血压和心脏病,卧床不起。 1957年那妮四十六岁时, 沉重的灾难再次降临, 丈夫拉加尼突然心肌梗塞离世。
  蒂帕嬷说:”我不知道怎么办, 往哪里去, 怎么活。 ” 她问自己:”我死时能带走什么呢?” 自己年轻力壮时想修行却受到阻挠, 如今人到中年, 带一个幼女, 疾病缠身, 心力交瘁, 已无路可走。 这时她梦见佛陀对他诵了一段经文, 来自她熟悉的法句经(212): “执着于爱而生悲, 执着于爱而生惧, 彻底远离了爱恋, 又有何可悲可惧。” 蒂帕嬷醒来, 心里明白无论如何必须开始禅修, 直到解脱。 她了解佛教仪轨, 却不懂得怎样坐禅。 她以为自己不久将死, 不如死于坐禅, 因此便把丈夫留下的一切, 包括财产, 珠宝,与其它物事交给邻居, 换取他们照料女儿。
  她的第一次禅修是在仰光卡码尤禅修中心, 处于种种原因事不如愿, 几个月后蒂帕嬷虚弱疲惫地 回家休养。 后来她得知一个家族友人, 同时也是佛教导师的出家人慕宁达(Anagarika Munindra)正在附近一个禅修中心。蒂帕嬷请他来家里, 告以自身的困境。 后者鼓励蒂帕嬷去塔萨那.耶克萨(Thathana Yeiktha)禅修中心, 慕宁达本人在缅甸当时最著名的比丘马哈希尊者(Venerable Mahasi Sayadaw)的教导下在那里深入禅修。 这个建议给了蒂帕嬷新的机会, 得以在一位大师和一位懂得本土语言的家庭朋友帮助下修行。 她把女儿交给妹子贺玛照顾, 自己去了塔萨那.耶克萨, 这一次她不再有前番的紧迫与冲动感, 而是深思熟虑, 准备充足。
  蒂帕嬷在禅修中心进步神速, 几天之内达到了南传经典的初禅前期状态, 感受到强光之下万物消融的境界。 她的身体, 地面和周遭一切破碎成空。 接下来是剧烈的身心之痛, 全身的烧灼感和紧窒感, 好似自己将要在压力下爆裂一般。 接下来非常事件发生了, 这个闪光的转变过程静悄悄地, 微妙地进行, 当时她坐着, 与一群人一起禅修, 连自己也不了解这瞬间的奥妙。 三十年的希冀求索, 六天的修习, 五十三岁时蒂帕嬷达到了初禅, 这是南传佛教承认的四个开悟阶段之一, 每个禅那步骤具有可识别的变化。几乎在同时, 她的血压回归正常, 心悸消失。 过去她爬不动禅修中心的楼梯, 如今轻松自如。 日日夜夜的惧怕悲哀也随之消失, 代之以前所未有的宁静与自信。 她又修习了两个月之后回到家里。蒂帕嬷从此开始了一次次的禅修之旅。接下来的一次闭关中她再次获得突破, 转变的经历相似, 然而痛苦更为剧烈。 达到第二禅那境界之后她的身体与思维状况再次发生变化; 不安感从此消失, 体力有所增长。
  那些了解蒂帕嬷的人们对她的改变大为惊奇。 一夜之间她从病病怏怏, 悲痛欲绝的中年妇女变成了健康独立, 容光焕发的新人。 家族和朋友受其影响, 特别是她的妹子贺玛和孩子, 还有女儿蒂帕也开始禅修。 两位中年妇女带着子女, 在一群身着土黄色僧袍的比丘中坐禅的景象蔚为可观。 即使在家里, 修行气氛也极其严肃, 吃饭时保持静默, 不得相互张望。过了一年的修习, 贺玛达到了与蒂帕嬷一般的境界, 而巴如阿宗族里的四个女孩两个男孩达到了至少是初禅的境界。蒂帕嬷一次又一次地告诉女儿, 只有禅修才能达到真正的宁静。
  1965年, 蒂帕嬷的修习达到了另一个灵性维度。 慕宁达准备回印度去, 尊敬的马哈希长老告诉他, 既然他要回到”异人的国度”(the land of siddhis), 他应当对神通有所了解。 马哈希长老想把慕宁达训练成异能者, 然而慕宁达忙于教学, 无暇自己修练, 于是决定训练他的学生, 一部分原因是为了证明异能者的真实性。蒂帕嬷, 荷玛与她的三个孩子被选中, 因为慕宁达了解误用神通的危险, 选择了品行绝对可靠的弟子, 从《清静道论》出发按部就班地训练。结果蒂帕嬷为技能最纯熟的一个, 她掌握了书中提到的五类神通(天眼通、天耳通、他心通、宿命通、如意通)。 这些能力曾由慕宁达延请马加德大学的学者验证不虚, 她的学生中也流传着一些有趣的故事。慕宁达离开之后, 人们开始要求蒂帕嬷在中心教授禅修。
  1967年缅甸政局变动, 蒂帕嬷也为了女儿教育考虑, 全家回到故土, 在加尔各答近郊简陋的住宅区落户, 蒂帕在政府补助下上了大学。 孟加拉邦的佛教家庭虽然熟悉礼佛议式, 却很少人了解禅修。 本地来了位富有成就的修行老师, 这个消息不胫而走, 人们一个接一个来到她的门前, 蒂帕嬷为他们开启了新的宗教视野。她的课程对那些生活繁忙的在家人来说艰苦而有效, 她认为念住可以应用于任何活动之中: 说话, 熨衣, 煮饭, 购买, 照顾孩子。她要求弟子所做的, 自己做得更多: 守五戒, 每晚只睡四小时, 每天禅修数小时。 学生们必须每周两次向她报告进展, 并且每年进行自我引导的闭关训练。尽管多数加尔各答人喜欢高谈阔论, 蒂帕嬷却沉默寡言, 学生们得益于她的静默。她所住的公寓楼厕所厨房由几家共用, 过去是个争吵不休的场所, 在蒂帕嬷搬入六个月之后那里安静下来, 人们开始第一次和平相处. 蒂帕嬷的待人方式----安宁, 平静, 柔和, 带着敬意与仁爱, 为人们树立了榜样, 在她的周围人们做不到与过去那样易怒好斗。
  蒂帕嬷家只有一个房间, 是自己, 女儿, 和外孙的卧室兼起居室, 也是她传授禅修的场地, 不仅仅印度人, 西方人也开始出现在门下。 从早到晚川流不息, 家里有时拥挤不堪, 人们站到了走廊和阳台上, 她从不拒绝任何人。 即使是受戒的比丘们也来向她请教。 尊敬的拉斯特帕拉长老(Ven. Rastrapala Mahathera)已剃度十八年, 回忆起当时人们对他求师的非议, 责问他既然获得了博士学位, 为什么还要跟一位女众学习禅修, 他解释说:”我不知道怎样做, 但是她知道, 因此我向她求助。 我并不把她看成是女众, 我把她当成自己的老师。 ” 他跟随蒂帕嬷作了一次闭关, 六个月之后亲自体会到了过去十八年里只在书中读到的经验。蒂帕嬷给了他传授禅修的许可, 1970年拉斯特帕拉长老建立了印度第一所内观禅修中心, 也就是现在著名的菩提伽耶国际禅修中心。
  约瑟夫.葛斯坦于1967年遇见慕宁达, 后者向他介绍了这位”特别的人”, 葛斯坦回忆对蒂帕嬷的拜访是一个”神奇而神圣的经历 ”。 七十年代早期他向自己的朋友莎伦.萨尔兹堡介绍了蒂帕嬷, 两人都称这位印度女士自己遇见过的”最有爱心的人。” 杰克康菲尔德七十年代后期拜见了蒂帕嬷, 至今记得她给自己的一个大大的拥抱。 在西方人看来蒂帕嬷极为古怪, 外观上一个虚弱的小老太太, 身穿白色纱丽就象”棉花里包着的小虫”, 然而灵性上她却是个巨人, 进入她的存在空间, 就好象走进了神奇力场, 人们注意到感官的变更, 心神交流, 和自发的深度定力。 1980年和1984年, 在上述三位美国禅修者邀请之下, 蒂帕嬷来到美国巴瑞内观禅修协会每年一度为期三个月的闭关修习班教授禅修, 获益者至今怀念她。
  回国之后蒂帕嬷继续在自己的小屋里传授, 直到1989年9月的一个夜晚, 她感觉不适, 邻居念起佛经, 蒂帕嬷面对佛像合掌下拜, 之后不再起身。 几天之后有四百多人参加了她的葬礼, 蒂帕嬷终年78岁。

购买地址:http://buddhism.sunyata.cc/goods.php?id=309
 楼主| 发表于 2009-1-14 17:49:00 | 显示全部楼层
一位佛教大师的一生和馈赠

作者:蒂帕嬷

 
    Teachings (教导)
    A woman, a mother, and a householder, Dipa Ma made the Buddha's path seem accessible and the great goal of freedom attainable in this very life. What follows is derived from the essential teachings presented in Dipa Ma The Life and Legacy of a Buddhist Master. May it be of help to you in your own journey of liberation. (作为一个女人,一位母亲,和一位在家居士,蒂帕嬷使得觉悟之路在当今这个时代显得可以接近,使得宏大的解脱目标显得可以实现。以下是《蒂帕嬷:一位佛教大师的一生和馈赠》中所提供的教导的要点。愿它对行走在解脱之道上的你有所饶益。)  

    Meditate all the time (不断地去禅修)
    Practice now. Don't think you will do more later. (“现在就去修行。不要以为你将来有的是时间” )
    Dipa Ma stated firmly that if you want peace, you must practice regularly. She insisted that students find time for formal meditation practice every day, even if only for five minutes. If that proved impossible, she advised, At least when you are in bed at night, notice just one in-breath and one out-breath before you fall asleep. (蒂帕嬷坚决地说,如果你想平静你就得经常地修习。她坚持认为学生应该每天找时间去进行正式的禅修,哪怕五分钟也好。如果连这都不可能做到,她建议道:“至少,你可以在晚上入睡之躺在床上去注意一呼一吸”。)
    More importantly, in addition to formal sitting on the cushion, Dipa Ma urged students to make every moment of their lives a meditation. Some of us are busy people who find it difficult to set aside any time at all. If you are busy, then busyness is the meditation, she tells us. Meditation is to know what you are doing. When you do calculations, know that you are doing calculations. If you are rushing to the office, then you should be mindful of rushing. When you are eating, putting on your shoes, your socks, your clothes, you must be mindful. It is all meditation! (除了坐垫上的正式打坐,更重要的是,蒂帕嬷劝诫学生要将生活中的每个时刻都要成为禅修的时间。我们当中的一些大忙人觉得为禅修留出一点儿的时间都很困难。“如果你忙,那么工作就是禅修”。她告诉我们,“禅修是了知你所正在做的事情。当你在计算,了知你正在计算。当你匆匆忙忙赶去上班,你应该对匆忙的行为保持正念。你在吃东西的时候,穿鞋子、袜子、衣服的时候,你一定要保持正念。这些都是禅修!”)
    For Dipa Ma, mindfulness wasn't something she did, it was who she was-all the time. Dipa Ma made it clear that there is nothing wrong with lapses of mindfulness, with the mind wandering. It happens to everyone. It is not a permanent problem. (保持正念不是蒂帕嬷“要去做的事情”,正念一直与她溶为一体。蒂帕嬷很清楚,心念散乱、正念流失并非过错。“每个人都会碰到这样的情况。(但)这问题不是恒常的”。)
    There is nothing ultimately to cling to in this world, Dipa Ma taught, but we can make good use of everything in it. Life is not to be rejected. It is here. And as long as it is here and we are here, we can make the best use of it. (“最终而言,世界上没有什么东西可执著的”,蒂帕嬷如此教导,“但我们可以善用一切东西。我们不应该拒绝生活。生活就在我们眼前,只要它在我们眼前,我们就要善用它”。)

    Choose one meditation practice and stick with it (选好一个法门然后坚定不移地修习)
    If you want to progress in meditation, stay with one technique. (“如果你想在禅修上取得进步,就要坚守一个法门” )
  For those beginning the spiritual journey, Dipa Ma was adamant about commitment to one style of meditation. Don't give up, and don't jump around from practice to practice. Find a technique that suits you, and keep going until you find your edge, the point where difficulties start to arise. (对于那些心灵旅程的启步者,蒂帕嬷坚决认为要坚守一种禅修法门。不要放弃,也不要在这个和那个法门之间跳来跳去。去找一个适合你的法门,然后坚持修习,一直到发现你的“边缘”——也就是困难开始出现的地方。)
    A common mistake many Western spiritual seekers make is to interpret difficulties as a problem with a particular practice. From the vantage point of that uncomfortable edge, some other practice always looks better. Maybe I should do Tibetan chanting . . . or Sufi dancing. In fact, difficulties usually are a reliable sign that the practice is working. (西方求道者普遍所犯的一个错误是把特定的一个修行法门的困难当作问题。那个一个法门的“边缘”令人感到不舒服,所以另外一些法门看起来总是更好。“也许我应该去试试藏传佛教的唱颂……或者苏非舞”。事实上,困难通常是修习起作用的可靠迹象。)
    Take Dipa Ma's advice to heart. Stick with the practice you've chosen through difficulty and doubt, through inspiration and stagnation, through the inevitable ups and downs. If you can stay committed to your practice through the darkest of times, wisdom will dawn. (将蒂帕嬷的忠告铭记于心吧。坚守你所选择的法门,穿越困难和怀疑,穿越激越和停滞,穿越那不可避免的起起落落吧。如果你能坚持修行,能度过最黑暗的时光,智慧的黎明就会来临。)


    Practice patience (实践耐性)
    Patience is one of the most important virtues for developing mindfulness and concentration. (“耐性是培养正念和专注的最重要的美德之一” )
  Patience is forged by constantly meeting the edge. In the most challenging situations, merely showing up, being present, may be all that is possible-and it may be enough. (耐性是通过不断地与“边缘”相遇而铸成的。在最富挑战性的情景中,仅仅去面对而不退却,就是我们所能做到的全部了——而这就已经足够了。)
    One student recounts the effects of this kind of patience in Dipa Ma's life She had seen her mind go through every kind of suffering and was able to sit through it. Later, when she came out of that fire, there was something very determined, almost frightening about how she could look at you, because she had seen herself. There was nowhere to hide. She exemplified that you can't just sit around thinking about getting enlightened. You have to take hold of these truths at the deepest level of your heart. (一位学生详细地叙述过在蒂帕嬷一生中,这种耐性的效果:“她已经了知其内心经受每种磨难并且能够坚持到底。后来,当她从那团火走出来的时候,因为她已经了知自我,所以她能够用一种怎样的目光看着你啊!——那是如此的坚定,而又几乎令人震惊。任何东西都不能将其隐藏。她以此说明,你不能坐等开悟——你一定要在内心最深处经受这些事实。” ) 
    Patience is a lifetime practice, to be developed and refined over time. Cultivating patience is a large part of maturing the mind, which, according to Dipa Ma, is the highest vocation of all. (耐性需要终生去实践,需要不断地去开发,不断地去改善。培养耐性是心智成熟的最重要的内容——如蒂帕嬷所说,是最高的“使命”。)


    Free your mind (放开你的心)
    Your mind is all stories. “你的头脑是你所有的故事”
    Dipa Ma did not say that the mind is mostly stories; she said that there is nothing in the mind but stories. These are the personal dramas that create and maintain the sense of individual identity who we are, what we do, what we are and are not capable of. Without our being aware of it, the endless series of such thoughts drives and limits our lives - and yet those stories are without substance. (蒂帕嬷不是说头脑是你的大部分故事,她说的是头脑中除了故事,别无它物。这些故事都是个人所上演的戏,它创造出和维持着个体认同感——我们是谁,我们所做的是什么,我们更够或不能够做什么。如果我们对这些故事没有觉知,无尽的思想之流就会驱使并限制着我们的生活,而且那些故事将变得不具实质。)
    Dipa Ma challenged studentsbelief in and attachment to their stories. When someone said, I can't do that, she would ask, Are you sure or Who says or Why not She encouraged students to observe the stories, to see their emptiness, and to go beyond the limitations they impose. Let go of thinking, she urged. Meditation is not about thinking. (蒂帕嬷挑战那些信任并且执著他们的故事的学生。当有人说:“我办不到”,她会问:“你肯定吗?”或“谁说的?”或“为什么不能呢?”她鼓励学生去观察他们的故事,去了知其空性,以及去超越他们施诸其上的限制。“离开思想”她如此劝诫,“禅修与思想无关”。)
    At the same time, Dipa Ma taught that the mind is not an enemy to be gotten rid of. Rather, in the process of befriending the mind, in getting to know and accept it, it ceases to be a problem. (同时,蒂帕嬷教导我们:心不是要去除掉的敌人;在将心当作朋友的过程中,在了解、接受它的过程中,它不再是问题。)

    Cool the fire of emotions (冷却情绪之火)
    Anger is a fire.(“恼怒是火” )
    When someone came to visit Dipa Ma, it didn't matter who it was, or what emotional state they were embroiled in, or what the circumstances were. In every instance, Dipa Ma saw each person as someone to be loved. Can we offer the same acceptance to the emotions that arise in us, treating them as visitors to be treated with lovingkindness Can we simply allow them to come and go, without reacting in ways that might be harmful (不论来访者是谁,不论他们处在何种情绪状态、何种境况,蒂帕嬷总是充满慈爱地接见他们中的每一位。我们能够对自己的情绪同样发出接纳之心吗?我们能够像对待访客那样慈爱地对待它吗?我们是否能够允许他们来来去去而不以可能有害的方式去反应吗?)
    A lot of incidents happen in daily life which are undesirable, Dipa Ma said. Sometimes I experience some irritation, but my mind remains cool. Irritation comes and passes. My mind isn't disturbed by this. Anger is a fire. But I don't feel any heat. It comes and it dies right out. (“许多在日常生活中发生的事件都不如人意”,蒂帕嬷说道,“有时候,我经历着一些恼怒,但我的心仍然着保持冷静。恼怒来了又走。我的心并不受它的干扰。恼怒是火,但我没有感到热。它是如此清楚地生起和灭去”。)
     Sylvia Boorstein, a meditation teacher who hosted Dipa Ma in her home in 1980, said that her husband once challenged Dipa Ma on this point. Dipa Ma was talking about the importance of maintaining tranquillity and equanimity and non-anger, and my husband asked her, would you do that What if someone were in some way to jeopardize Rishi [Dipa Ma's grandson], to threaten him (Sylvia Boorstein 是位禅修教师,1980年她在家中接待了蒂帕嬷。她说有一次他的丈夫向蒂帕嬷质疑这一点。“蒂帕嬷在谈论保持平静、平等心、不发怒的重要性,我的丈夫问她,如果有人伤害、威胁Rishi(蒂帕嬷的孙子),你会这样吗?” )
    I would stop him, of course, Dipa Ma replied, but without anger. (“‘当然,我会阻止他’,蒂帕嬷说道,‘但不会发怒’”。)

    Simplify (简单生活)
    Live simply. A very simple life is good for everything. Too much luxury is a hindrance to practice. (“过简单的生活。简单的生活对什么东西来说都是有益的。过于闲适的生活对于修行是个障碍”。)
    In every way, Dipa Ma lived in the greatest simplicity. She refrained from socializing. She did not engage in unnecessary talk. She didn't involve herself in other people's concerns, especially complaints. Her guideline for herself and her students was to live honestly and never blame others. (蒂帕嬷在各个方面都过着简单的生活。她对社交保持节制。她不会去谈论不必要的东西。她不会引起别人的关注,更不会引起别人的抱怨。她要求自己以及学生的守则是,做人诚实,永不责人。)
    Often Dipa Ma simply rested in silence. Whenever I get time alone, I always turn my mind inward, she said. She did not spend time at any activity that was unnecessary to her life. (蒂帕嬷经常在静默中简单地休息。“独自一人的时候,我总是返观内心”,她如此说道。她不会把时间花费在对生活没有必要的事情上。)
    Just as in meditation, where we practice giving our full attention to one thing at a time, Dipa Ma did each thing completely without worrying about the next. Thoughts of the past and future, she said, spoil your time. In whatever she did, she was fully present, with ease, stillness, and simplicity. (蒂帕嬷做每一件事都不会为下一件事忧心,正如禅修中我们练习在某个时段中把全部的注意力放在一个事物上一样。“去想过去和将来的事情”,她说道,“会毁掉属于你的时间”。无论什么事情,她总是全神贯注,从容,平静,简单地去做。)  

    Cultivate the spirit of blessing(培养慈爱心)
    If you bless those around you, this will inspire you to be attentive in every moment. (“祝福你身边的人,会让你在每时每刻保持全神贯注” )
    Dipa Ma continuously offered blessings. She blessed people from head to toe, blowing on them, chanting over them, stroking their hair. Her blessings were not reserved exclusively for people. Before boarding an airplane she would bestow a blessing upon it. Riding in a car was an opportunity to offer a blessing not only to the vehicle but also to the driver and to the men who pumped the gas. (蒂帕嬷不断地发出慈爱。她细致入微地祝福别人——夸奖别人,赞叹别人,抚摸别人的头发……她对别人的祝福毫不偏袒。在登上飞机前,她会为它祝福。坐进一辆汽车,对她而言也是一个发出祝福的机会,她祝福那辆车,也祝福司机和加油的人。)
    Practicing this spirit of blessing throughout the day can make the ordinary become something special. It's a way of encountering grace moment after moment. (随时实践这种祝福精神,一个平凡的人也会变得有些特别。这是一种时时与优雅相遇的方式。)

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英文来源:www.dharma.org/amysteachings.html
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